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<\/p>\n
The topping refinery separates the crude into its constituent petroleum products by distillation, known as Atmospheric Distillation. Topping Refinery produces naphtha but no gasoline.<\/p>\n
The Hydroskimming refinery is equipped with Atmospheric Distillation, Naphtha Reforming, and necessary treating processes. This type of refinery is more complex than a topping refinery and produces gasoline.<\/p>\n
The Cracking or Hydrocracking refinery is equipped with vacuum distillation and catalytic cracking. The cracking refinery adds further complexity to the Hydroskimming refinery by reducing fuel oil conversion to light distillates and middle distillates.<\/p>\n
The coking refinery is equipped to process the vacuum residue into high-value products using the Delayed Coking Process. The coking refinery adds further complexity to the cracking refinery by high conversion of fuel oil into distillates and petroleum coke.<\/p>\n
The integrated refinery upgrades LPG or Naphtha into basic petrochemicals through aromatic production of Benzene, Cyclo Hexene, Meta Xylene, Ortho Xylene, Para Xylene, and Toluene or Naphtha cracking.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Following abbreviations and definitions of terms are commonly used in the oil and gas industry.<\/p>\n
\u201cBbl\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0means a barrel of 42 U.S. gallons of oil. (158.9873 Liters)<\/p>\n \u201cBcf\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0means billion cubic feet of natural gas.<\/p>\n \u201cBcfe\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0means billion cubic feet equivalent, determined using the ratio of six Mcf of natural gas to one Bbl of crude oil, condensate or natural gas\u00a0 liquids.<\/p>\n \u201cBOE\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0means barrels of oil equivalent.<\/p>\n \u201cGross,\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0when used with respect to acres or wells, refers to the total acres or wells in which a company, individual, trust, or foundation has a working interest.<\/p>\n \u201cMBbls\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0means thousand barrels of oil.<\/p>\n \u201cMcf\u201d\u00a0<\/strong>means thousand cubic feet of natural gas.<\/p>\n \u201cMcfe\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0means 1,000 cubic feet equivalent, determined using the ratio of six Mcf of natural gas to one Bbl of crude oil, condensate or natural gas liquids.<\/p>\n \u201cMMBbls\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0means million barrels of oil.<\/p>\n \u201cMMBOE\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0means million barrels of oil equivalent.<\/p>\n \u201cMMcf\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0means million cubic feet of natural gas.<\/p>\n \u201c<\/strong>b\/tons<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>(abbreviation barrels\/ton) There are 7.3 barrels in one ton of oil.<\/p>\n \u201c<\/strong>1 liter of oil<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>0.82kg to 0.86kg depends on gravity of the oil, expressed in degrees API.<\/p>\n \u201cMMcfe\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0means million cubic feet of gas equivalent, determined using the ratio of 6 Mcf of natural gas to 1 Bbl of crude oil, condensate or natural gas liquids.<\/p>\n \u201cNet,\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0when used with respect to acres or wells, refers to gross acres of wells multiplied, in each case, by the percentage working interest owned by a company, individual, trust, or foundation.<\/p>\n \u201cNet production\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0means production that is owned by a company, individual, trust, or foundation, less royalties and production due others.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” content_placement=”middle” css=”.vc_custom_1708520960892{margin-bottom: -40px !important;padding-top: 40px !important;background-color: #efefef !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}” woodmart_css_id=”65d5f5f72ce57″ responsive_spacing=”eyJwYXJhbV90eXBlIjoid29vZG1hcnRfcmVzcG9uc2l2ZV9zcGFjaW5nIiwic2VsZWN0b3JfaWQiOiI2NWQ1ZjVmNzJjZTU3Iiwic2hvcnRjb2RlIjoidmNfcm93IiwiZGF0YSI6eyJ0YWJsZXQiOnt9LCJtb2JpbGUiOnt9fX0=” mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” woodmart_box_shadow=”no” wd_z_index=”no” woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″ row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1615617895716{padding-top: 0px !important;}” mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_sticky_column=”false” parallax_scroll=”no” mobile_reset_margin=”no” tablet_reset_margin=”no”][vc_video link=”https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-yapx4oobkY” el_width=”70″ align=”center” image_poster_switch=”no”]\n\t\t Cnergyico Pk Limited is Pakistan’s only vertically integrated petroleum company. As part of its operations, in 2012, Byco established Pakistan’s only\u00a0 (SPM)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1629877093976{padding-top: 0px !important;}” mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_sticky_column=”false” parallax_scroll=”no” mobile_reset_margin=”no” tablet_reset_margin=”no” wd_z_index=”no” woodmart_css_id=”6125f363cf509″ responsive_spacing=”eyJwYXJhbV90eXBlIjoid29vZG1hcnRfcmVzcG9uc2l2ZV9zcGFjaW5nIiwic2VsZWN0b3JfaWQiOiI2MTI1ZjM2M2NmNTA5Iiwic2hvcnRjb2RlIjoidmNfY29sdW1uIiwiZGF0YSI6eyJ0YWJsZXQiOnt9LCJtb2JpbGUiOnt9fX0=”][vc_video link=”https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UsJmqxuTrTc” el_width=”70″ align=”center” image_poster_switch=”no”]\n\t\t Take a sneak peak into the extensive workshop on how to make a natural forest with world renowned Ted fellow Shubhendu Sharma<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content_no_spaces” woodmart_css_id=”658530c051a3c” responsive_spacing=”eyJwYXJhbV90eXBlIjoid29vZG1hcnRfcmVzcG9uc2l2ZV9zcGFjaW5nIiwic2VsZWN0b3JfaWQiOiI2NTg1MzBjMDUxYTNjIiwic2hvcnRjb2RlIjoidmNfcm93IiwiZGF0YSI6eyJ0YWJsZXQiOnt9LCJtb2JpbGUiOnt9fX0=” mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” woodmart_box_shadow=”no” wd_z_index=”no” woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″ row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″][vc_column woodmart_text_align=”center” horizontal_alignment=”eyJkZXZpY2VzIjp7ImRlc2t0b3AiOnsidmFsdWUiOiJjZW50ZXIifSwidGFibGV0Ijp7InZhbHVlIjoiIn0sIm1vYmlsZSI6eyJ2YWx1ZSI6IiJ9fX0=” woodmart_css_id=”65853069809d4″ parallax_scroll=”no” woodmart_sticky_column=”false” wd_collapsible_content_switcher=”no” wd_column_role_offcanvas_desktop=”no”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":4291,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7631","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnergyicolubricants.com\/demo\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7631","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnergyicolubricants.com\/demo\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnergyicolubricants.com\/demo\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnergyicolubricants.com\/demo\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnergyicolubricants.com\/demo\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7631"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/cnergyicolubricants.com\/demo\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7631\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8559,"href":"https:\/\/cnergyicolubricants.com\/demo\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7631\/revisions\/8559"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnergyicolubricants.com\/demo\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnergyicolubricants.com\/demo\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7631"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Byco's SPM gives rise to an artificial coral reef<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t
Join Byco in making Pakistan greener<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t